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ARTICLES
Illustrating Childhood--"Hansel and Gretel"
Rachel Freudenburg
This article examines nineteenth- and twentieth-century illustrations of "Hansel and Gretel" in order to discover how childhood was and is visualized. The concept of childhood should not be understood as a monolithic category, but as an ongoing conversation between many different ideas, for even within the same illustration, contradictory notions co-exist. In the nineteenth century, illustrations of "Hansel and Gretel" reinterpret the tale by eliding issues of violence against children and using the text as a vehicle for disseminating the values of the bourgeoisie. Some pictures promote the ideal of the Romantic child, who is care-free and far removed from the problems of the adult world. However, this was by no means the only image of childhood to be illustrated. Artists also incorporated pedagogical messages, such as proper gender roles within the patriarchy and dietary instructions, into their work. Additionally, illustrations representing other class perspectives take issue with the notion of the Romantic child.
Farewell to the Femme Fatale: Angela Carter's Rewriting of Frank Wedekind's Lulu Plays
Peter G. Christensen
One of the most significant plays appearing for the first time in the posthumous collection of writings by Angela Carter, The Curious Room: Plays, Film Scripts, and an Opera (1996), is Lulu, a 1987 adaptation of Frank Wedekind's Lulu plays, originally planned for a production at the National Theatre. Carter tried to depict a more sympathetic Lulu and saw the play as part of her project to demythologize archetypes, in this case, the femme fatale figures of Pandora and Eve. In 1988 the original version of the Lulu plays was published for the first time in two issues of Theater Heute, and the world premiere took place in Hamburg in 1989. Carter's play, in contrast, was not produced until after her death--in the mid-1990s in Leeds.
TEXTS & TRANSLATIONS
The Cockroach, the Mouse, and the Cricket
Giambattista Basile/Translated by Nancy L. Canepa
Antonio de Trueba/Translated by Robert M. Fedorchek
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